Trigonometry

While most people associate trigonometry with triangles, it is more useful in technical fields to consider the trigonometric functions as related to circles.

f(t) = Asin(2pft + s) = Asin(wt + s)

where: A, amplitude, the peak deviation of the function from zero. f, ordinary frequency, the number of oscillations (cycles) that occur each second of time. ω = 2πf, angular frequency, the rate of change of the function argument in units of radians per second φ {\displaystyle \varphi } , phase, specifies (in radians) where in its cycle the oscillation is at t = 0.

When φ {\displaystyle \varphi }

is non-zero, the entire waveform appears to be shifted in time by the amount 

φ {\displaystyle \varphi } /ω seconds. A negative value represents a delay, and a positive value represents an advance.