Induction

Induction

Rather than going through the history and math behind induction, it is best to first look at what is going on at the atomic level. Everything is charged at that level. Electrons and nuclei have charges, they are moving, thus they have magnetic fields. Therefore everything that has matter has magnetic fields. Magnetic fields are (so far as we know) infinitesimal in size so they are affected by all matter. The size of the effect is additive, and since magnetic fields have direction, these sums can be large or small depending on the directions of the fields for each particle. Since magnetic fields interact with each other, everything is interacting with everything else. Actually there are 4 fundamental 'interactions'. These are called gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and the weak force. These forces work over their own ranges, becoming infinitesimal outside those ranges.

At the size and distances of atoms and free electrons, the dominant force is electromagnetic.