Difference between revisions of "DNA repair pathway"

From apimba
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 7: Line 7:
 
#[[Non-homologous End-Joining]]
 
#[[Non-homologous End-Joining]]
 
==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
−
The DNA in the genome of a cell functions as a blueprint for life. If that blueprint is damaged then the cell will no longer be able to faithfully carry out the tasks required either for continued existence or reproduction. There are many ways, both internally and externally, that DNA can get damaged, so cells have multiple pathways to repair damage, both specific damage from known mechanisms and random damage.
+
For all life forms, DNA in genome is the blue print of life. The DNA is under constant attacks by various sources, and as a result, the DNA can be damaged. If the DNA is damaged for whatever reason, mutations can occur, and if the damage is not repaired in a timely manner, there can be permanent damage to the organism.  For example, cancers in humans come from damaged DNA. What are the sources of DNA damage? Some happen during cell replication, however the largest source is environmental, such as UV radiation and toxins. DNA in plants experience the worst environmental attacks, as plants cannot move away from damaging UV rays or toxic substances in soils. Remarkably, plants can grow and propagate without much ill effects from such external attacks on their DNA. How is this possible? Because plants have the best DNA repair mechanisms among all life forms.
−
 
 
−
Since plants can't move around (sessile) they can't avoid environmental hazards or stresses such as toxins or high-salt soils, and since they rely on energy from the sun for metabolism (autotrophic) they are constantly exposed to harmful radiation (UV) and harmful chemical byproducts of photosynthesis (reactive oxygen species - ROS).
 

Revision as of 07:12, 16 August 2021

A good recent review of plant DNA repair is Raina et al Frontiers in Genetics 22 June 2021 or here.

DNA Repair in plants

  1. Direct Reversal Repair
  2. Mismatch Repair
  3. Excision repair
  4. Homologous Recombination Repair
  5. Non-homologous End-Joining

Introduction

For all life forms, DNA in genome is the blue print of life. The DNA is under constant attacks by various sources, and as a result, the DNA can be damaged. If the DNA is damaged for whatever reason, mutations can occur, and if the damage is not repaired in a timely manner, there can be permanent damage to the organism. For example, cancers in humans come from damaged DNA. What are the sources of DNA damage? Some happen during cell replication, however the largest source is environmental, such as UV radiation and toxins. DNA in plants experience the worst environmental attacks, as plants cannot move away from damaging UV rays or toxic substances in soils. Remarkably, plants can grow and propagate without much ill effects from such external attacks on their DNA. How is this possible? Because plants have the best DNA repair mechanisms among all life forms.

Retrieved from "http://www.apimba.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=DNA_repair_pathway&oldid=1416"