Interpretation of NMR Results - Revision history

Milllo: /* What does the result look like? */

2022-05-17T10:44:49Z

What does the result look like?

Milllo: /* Introduction */

2022-05-17T10:42:07Z

Introduction

Milllo: /* Solvent peaks */

2020-05-29T10:52:40Z

Solvent peaks

Milllo at 03:18, 29 May 2020

2020-05-29T03:18:23Z

Milllo at 03:06, 29 May 2020

2020-05-29T03:06:48Z

Milllo at 03:05, 29 May 2020

2020-05-29T03:05:14Z

Milllo: /* Peak areas */

2020-05-29T03:04:38Z

Peak areas

Milllo: /* Solvent peaks */

2020-05-29T03:03:20Z

Solvent peaks

Milllo: /* Solvent peaks */

2020-05-29T03:00:54Z

Solvent peaks

Milllo at 20:03, 27 May 2020

2020-05-27T20:03:01Z

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 [[File:proton NMR of ethanol.png|500px]]
-This spectrum is of ethanol. The Y axis is relative intensity, while the X axis is relative frequency. Instead of using Hz for frequency, for historical reasons the unit is called ppm, or parts per million, and the scale begins at 0 from the right side and increases in ppm to the left. The normal range for organic compounds is from about 0.5 to 15ppm in proton NMR spectra.
+This spectrum is of ethanol (chemical formula CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH). The Y axis is relative intensity, while the X axis is relative frequency. Instead of using Hz for frequency, for historical reasons the unit is called ppm, or parts per million, and the scale begins at 0 from the right side and increases in ppm to the left. The normal range for organic compounds is from about 0.5 to 15ppm in proton NMR spectra.
 ==Peaks==

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 ==Introduction==
-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is like every other spectroscopic technique - it uses electromagnetic radiation to probe the structure of molecules. In UV and IR it is bonds that are studied, in NMR it is nuclei of certain elements. The main element that is studied in NMR is hydrogen, fortunately hydrogen is in almost every organic compound, which makes NMR extremely useful in fields from pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals to the petroleum industry. In the NMR literature hydrogen is called proton, hence the name proton NMR. A proton NMR spectrum will only show protons, no other elements. Similarly, a carbon spectrum will show only carbons. The other major nuclei that can be studied with NMR are nitrogen, phosphorus and fluorine. Each nucleus requires special tuning of the instrument to be able to see.
+Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is like every other spectroscopic technique - it uses electromagnetic radiation to probe the structure of molecules. In UV and IR it is bonds that are studied, in NMR it is nuclei of certain elements. The main element that is studied in NMR is hydrogen, fortunately hydrogen is in almost every organic compound, which makes NMR extremely useful in fields from pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals to the petroleum industry. In the NMR literature hydrogen is called proton, hence the name proton NMR. A proton NMR spectrum will only show protons, no other elements. Similarly, a carbon spectrum will show only carbons. The other major nuclei that can be studied with NMR are nitrogen, phosphorus and fluorine. Each nucleus requires special tuning of the instrument to be able to see. The key to interpreting NMR is to understand that it is quantitative, i.e. every atom has a signal. If there is no signal then there are no atoms (or too few for the instrument to detect).
 ==What does the result look like?==

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 ==Solvent peaks==
-Deuterated solvents are used to dissolve samples for solution NMR since the instrument can lock and shim on the deuterium channel. However, no solvent is 100% pure deuterated so residual protons present on the solvent show up in proton NMR spectrum and are used to reference spectra to a known frequency.
+Deuterated solvents are used to dissolve samples for solution NMR since the instrument can lock and shim on the deuterium channel. However, no solvent is 100% pure deuterated so residual protons present on the solvent show up in proton NMR spectrum and are used to reference spectra to a standard frequency/ppm.
 [[File:solvent_references.png|600px]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:18, 29 May 2020
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	==Concentration Effects==		==Concentration Effects==
		+
		+	==Temperature Effects==

	==Examples==		==Examples==

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:06, 29 May 2020
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	==Examples==		==Examples==
		+
		+	==Other nuclei==
		+
		+	==2D NMR==

	==List of topics in this section==		==List of topics in this section==

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 [[File:solvent_references.png|600px]]
 ==Water peak==
 ==Exchangeable protons==

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:04, 29 May 2020
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	NMR software allows for automatic integration and normalization of the peak areas in a spectrum.		NMR software allows for automatic integration and normalization of the peak areas in a spectrum.
		+
		+	Quantitation

	==Spectral regions==		==Spectral regions==

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 ==Solvent peaks==
-Deuterated solvents are used to dissolve samples for liquid NMR since the instrument can lock and shim on the deuterium channel. However, no solvent is 100% pure deuterated so residual protons present on the solvent show up in proton NMR spectrum and are used to calibrate spectra.
+Deuterated solvents are used to dissolve samples for solution NMR since the instrument can lock and shim on the deuterium channel. However, no solvent is 100% pure deuterated so residual protons present on the solvent show up in proton NMR spectrum and are used to calibrate spectra.
 [[File:solvent_references.png|600px]]

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 [[File:solvent_references.png|600px]]
-==water peak==
+==Water peak==
 ==Splitting==