apimba - User contributions [en]

Main Page

2024-05-28T18:07:40Z

Milllo:

==[[Aeri Park|Apimba]]==
I was online before there was an internet. When it first came out the internet had great promise for science since it was a place that people could go to for sharing knowledge. Science advanced faster since learning the current status of a field of research could be done quicker and easier. I had many links to great resources that enhanced my research and allowed me to progress in my field. The internet is forever was the idea.

However, greed got the better of things and that promise withered. Domain names started requiring annual fees, which meant that domain owners had to continuously pay to keep their site online. The internet is forever was no longer true. Then scientific journals started locking up their content behind paywalls, even though the work was done by government agencies funded by the general public. Knowledge sharing also ended and the advance of knowledge slowed down. Universities started restricting access to their research. It now takes much longer to learn enough about a particular field to be able to add to it. The final straw for me was when university and research center libraries started to restrict access, which not only makes it harder to learn what is needed to get up to speed in a field, it also permits the spread of ignorance in the general public since they cannot get to the fundamental research on a topic.

Monetization became the driving force and, one by one, the resources disappeared and the links stopped working. This wiki is an attempt to salvage what is left of those resources and save them for future generations. As a result, most of the content in this wiki is from other sources, including Wikipedia, since I foresee the day when even that resource goes away or is restricted behind a paywall. The main difference in this wiki is that it focuses on knowledge, not citations or history or language. This wiki is a place to learn, not find out who did what and when.

I will also focus on areas that I know well, using it as a bank to store my knowledge and the collected knowledge of the fields that I worked in.

Link to [http://www.apimba.org/ Apimba home page].
<?php
$htmlContent = file_get_contents('/EOD/random_entry.txt');
echo $htmlContent;
?>
==List of wikis==
#[[NMR|Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)]]
#[[Biochemistry|Biochemistry]]
#[[Getting started|Making changes to the wiki]]

Main Page

2024-05-28T18:06:44Z

Milllo:

==[[Aeri Park|Apimba]]==
I was online before there was an internet. When it first came out the internet had great promise for science since it was a place that people could go to for sharing knowledge. Science advanced faster since learning the current status of a field of research could be done quicker and easier. I had many links to great resources that enhanced my research and allowed me to progress in my field. The internet is forever was the idea.

However, greed got the better of things and that promise withered. Domain names started requiring annual fees, which meant that domain owners had to continuously pay to keep their site online. The internet is forever was no longer true. Then scientific journals started locking up their content behind paywalls, even though the work was done by government agencies funded by the general public. Knowledge sharing also ended and the advance of knowledge slowed down. Universities started restricting access to their research. It now takes much longer to learn enough about a particular field to be able to add to it. The final straw for me was when university and research center libraries started to restrict access, which not only makes it harder to learn what is needed to get up to speed in a field, it also permits the spread of ignorance in the general public since they cannot get to the fundamental research on a topic.

Monetization became the driving force and, one by one, the resources disappeared and the links stopped working. This wiki is an attempt to salvage what is left of those resources and save them for future generations. As a result, most of the content in this wiki is from other sources, including Wikipedia, since I foresee the day when even that resource goes away or is restricted behind a paywall. The main difference in this wiki is that it focuses on knowledge, not citations or history or language. This wiki is a place to learn, not find out who did what and when.

I will also focus on areas that I know well, using it as a bank to store my knowledge and the collected knowledge of the fields that I worked in.

Link to [http://www.apimba.org/ Apimba home page].

==List of wikis==
#[[NMR|Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)]]
#[[Biochemistry|Biochemistry]]
#[[Getting started|Making changes to the wiki]]

Main Page

2024-05-28T18:03:24Z

Milllo:

==[[Aeri Park|Apimba]]==
I was online before there was an internet. When it first came out the internet had great promise for science since it was a place that people could go to for sharing knowledge. Science advanced faster since learning the current status of a field of research could be done quicker and easier. I had many links to great resources that enhanced my research and allowed me to progress in my field. The internet is forever was the idea.

However, greed got the better of things and that promise withered. Domain names started requiring annual fees, which meant that domain owners had to continuously pay to keep their site online. The internet is forever was no longer true. Then scientific journals started locking up their content behind paywalls, even though the work was done by government agencies funded by the general public. Knowledge sharing also ended and the advance of knowledge slowed down. Universities started restricting access to their research. It now takes much longer to learn enough about a particular field to be able to add to it. The final straw for me was when university and research center libraries started to restrict access, which not only makes it harder to learn what is needed to get up to speed in a field, it also permits the spread of ignorance in the general public since they cannot get to the fundamental research on a topic.

Monetization became the driving force and, one by one, the resources disappeared and the links stopped working. This wiki is an attempt to salvage what is left of those resources and save them for future generations. As a result, most of the content in this wiki is from other sources, including Wikipedia, since I foresee the day when even that resource goes away or is restricted behind a paywall. The main difference in this wiki is that it focuses on knowledge, not citations or history or language. This wiki is a place to learn, not find out who did what and when.

I will also focus on areas that I know well, using it as a bank to store my knowledge and the collected knowledge of the fields that I worked in.

Link to [http://www.apimba.org/ Apimba home page].

Here is today's random entry from the enzyme database:

#include /EOD/random_entry.php

==List of wikis==
#[[NMR|Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)]]
#[[Biochemistry|Biochemistry]]
#[[Getting started|Making changes to the wiki]]

Main Page

2024-05-28T18:03:05Z

Milllo:

==[[Aeri Park|Apimba]]==
I was online before there was an internet. When it first came out the internet had great promise for science since it was a place that people could go to for sharing knowledge. Science advanced faster since learning the current status of a field of research could be done quicker and easier. I had many links to great resources that enhanced my research and allowed me to progress in my field. The internet is forever was the idea.

However, greed got the better of things and that promise withered. Domain names started requiring annual fees, which meant that domain owners had to continuously pay to keep their site online. The internet is forever was no longer true. Then scientific journals started locking up their content behind paywalls, even though the work was done by government agencies funded by the general public. Knowledge sharing also ended and the advance of knowledge slowed down. Universities started restricting access to their research. It now takes much longer to learn enough about a particular field to be able to add to it. The final straw for me was when university and research center libraries started to restrict access, which not only makes it harder to learn what is needed to get up to speed in a field, it also permits the spread of ignorance in the general public since they cannot get to the fundamental research on a topic.

Monetization became the driving force and, one by one, the resources disappeared and the links stopped working. This wiki is an attempt to salvage what is left of those resources and save them for future generations. As a result, most of the content in this wiki is from other sources, including Wikipedia, since I foresee the day when even that resource goes away or is restricted behind a paywall. The main difference in this wiki is that it focuses on knowledge, not citations or history or language. This wiki is a place to learn, not find out who did what and when.

I will also focus on areas that I know well, using it as a bank to store my knowledge and the collected knowledge of the fields that I worked in.

Link to [http://www.apimba.org/ Apimba home page].

Here is today's random entry from the enzyme database:

<pre>
#include /EOD/random_entry.php
</pre>

==List of wikis==
#[[NMR|Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)]]
#[[Biochemistry|Biochemistry]]
#[[Getting started|Making changes to the wiki]]

Main Page

2024-05-28T17:48:45Z

Milllo:

==[[Aeri Park|Apimba]]==
I was online before there was an internet. When it first came out the internet had great promise for science since it was a place that people could go to for sharing knowledge. Science advanced faster since learning the current status of a field of research could be done quicker and easier. I had many links to great resources that enhanced my research and allowed me to progress in my field. The internet is forever was the idea.

However, greed got the better of things and that promise withered. Domain names started requiring annual fees, which meant that domain owners had to continuously pay to keep their site online. The internet is forever was no longer true. Then scientific journals started locking up their content behind paywalls, even though the work was done by government agencies funded by the general public. Knowledge sharing also ended and the advance of knowledge slowed down. Universities started restricting access to their research. It now takes much longer to learn enough about a particular field to be able to add to it. The final straw for me was when university and research center libraries started to restrict access, which not only makes it harder to learn what is needed to get up to speed in a field, it also permits the spread of ignorance in the general public since they cannot get to the fundamental research on a topic.

Monetization became the driving force and, one by one, the resources disappeared and the links stopped working. This wiki is an attempt to salvage what is left of those resources and save them for future generations. As a result, most of the content in this wiki is from other sources, including Wikipedia, since I foresee the day when even that resource goes away or is restricted behind a paywall. The main difference in this wiki is that it focuses on knowledge, not citations or history or language. This wiki is a place to learn, not find out who did what and when.

I will also focus on areas that I know well, using it as a bank to store my knowledge and the collected knowledge of the fields that I worked in.

Link to [http://www.apimba.org/ Apimba home page].

Here is today's random entry from the enzyme database:

<pre>
#include /EOD/random_entry.txt
</pre>

==List of wikis==
#[[NMR|Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)]]
#[[Biochemistry|Biochemistry]]
#[[Getting started|Making changes to the wiki]]

Interpretation of NMR Results

2022-05-17T10:44:49Z

Milllo: /* What does the result look like? */

==Introduction==
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is like every other spectroscopic technique - it uses electromagnetic radiation to probe the structure of molecules. In UV and IR it is bonds that are studied, in NMR it is nuclei of certain elements. The main element that is studied in NMR is hydrogen, fortunately hydrogen is in almost every organic compound, which makes NMR extremely useful in fields from pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals to the petroleum industry. In the NMR literature hydrogen is called proton, hence the name proton NMR. A proton NMR spectrum will only show protons, no other elements. Similarly, a carbon spectrum will show only carbons. The other major nuclei that can be studied with NMR are nitrogen, phosphorus and fluorine. Each nucleus requires special tuning of the instrument to be able to see. The key to interpreting NMR is to understand that it is quantitative, i.e. every atom has a signal. If there is no signal then there are no atoms (or too few for the instrument to detect).

==What does the result look like?==

If a sample has just a single compound with a concentration of 1-10mg/ml, a proton NMR spectrum will look similar to:

[[File:proton NMR of ethanol.png|500px]]

This spectrum is of ethanol (chemical formula CH3CH2OH). The Y axis is relative intensity, while the X axis is relative frequency. Instead of using Hz for frequency, for historical reasons the unit is called ppm, or parts per million, and the scale begins at 0 from the right side and increases in ppm to the left. The normal range for organic compounds is from about 0.5 to 15ppm in proton NMR spectra.

==Peaks==
Based on the current [[NMR Theories|theories]], each peak in an NMR spectrum represents a different, magnetically distinct proton or group of protons in the sample. Of course some peaks could overlap, but they will still be magnetically unique. Because of coupling between the protons in a molecule there is often splitting of their peak into what are called multiplets. In the ethanol spectrum above, the quartet at 3.7ppm is due to the CH2, the triplet at 1.25ppm is due to the CH3, and the singlet at 2.2ppm is due to the hydroxyl proton. In each case, if the sample is pure, a peak will correspond to a magnetically unique proton or group of protons. Thus the value of NMR is that it can provide extremely detailed information at the atomic level about a sample.

For instance, in this ethanol spectrum there are only 3 peaks, so we know for a fact that there are only 3 groups of protons in the molecules of the sample. We also know that, based on the positions of the peaks, there are no aldehydes or aromatic protons in the sample. We also know that the magnetic environments around the three groups of protons are clean and that the molecules are probably not aggregated. Aggregation gives more structure to a solution, which would change local magnetic environments and cause more peaks to appear, such as having two quartets near 3.5ppm.

==Peak areas==
For each component in a solution, peak areas from integration represent relative numbers of magnetically equivalent protons in that component. For ethanol there are 3 methyl protons and 2 methylene protons, so the peak areas will be 3:2.

NMR software allows for automatic integration and normalization of the peak areas in a spectrum.

Quantitation

==Spectral regions==
Based on spectra from millions of compounds, a proton spectrum can be divided into regions of similar magnet environment, allowing for easy labelling of the protons in a sample.

==Solvent peaks==
Deuterated solvents are used to dissolve samples for solution NMR since the instrument can lock and shim on the deuterium channel. However, no solvent is 100% pure deuterated so residual protons present on the solvent show up in proton NMR spectrum and are used to reference spectra to a standard frequency/ppm.

[[File:solvent_references.png|600px]]

==Splitting==

==Water peak==

==Exchangeable protons==

==Concentration Effects==

==Temperature Effects==

==Examples==

==Other nuclei==

==2D NMR==

==List of topics in this section==

Interpretation of NMR Results

2022-05-17T10:42:07Z

Milllo: /* Introduction */

==Introduction==
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is like every other spectroscopic technique - it uses electromagnetic radiation to probe the structure of molecules. In UV and IR it is bonds that are studied, in NMR it is nuclei of certain elements. The main element that is studied in NMR is hydrogen, fortunately hydrogen is in almost every organic compound, which makes NMR extremely useful in fields from pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals to the petroleum industry. In the NMR literature hydrogen is called proton, hence the name proton NMR. A proton NMR spectrum will only show protons, no other elements. Similarly, a carbon spectrum will show only carbons. The other major nuclei that can be studied with NMR are nitrogen, phosphorus and fluorine. Each nucleus requires special tuning of the instrument to be able to see. The key to interpreting NMR is to understand that it is quantitative, i.e. every atom has a signal. If there is no signal then there are no atoms (or too few for the instrument to detect).

==What does the result look like?==

If a sample has just a single compound with a concentration of 1-10mg/ml, a proton NMR spectrum will look similar to:

[[File:proton NMR of ethanol.png|500px]]

This spectrum is of ethanol. The Y axis is relative intensity, while the X axis is relative frequency. Instead of using Hz for frequency, for historical reasons the unit is called ppm, or parts per million, and the scale begins at 0 from the right side and increases in ppm to the left. The normal range for organic compounds is from about 0.5 to 15ppm in proton NMR spectra.

==Peaks==
Based on the current [[NMR Theories|theories]], each peak in an NMR spectrum represents a different, magnetically distinct proton or group of protons in the sample. Of course some peaks could overlap, but they will still be magnetically unique. Because of coupling between the protons in a molecule there is often splitting of their peak into what are called multiplets. In the ethanol spectrum above, the quartet at 3.7ppm is due to the CH2, the triplet at 1.25ppm is due to the CH3, and the singlet at 2.2ppm is due to the hydroxyl proton. In each case, if the sample is pure, a peak will correspond to a magnetically unique proton or group of protons. Thus the value of NMR is that it can provide extremely detailed information at the atomic level about a sample.

For instance, in this ethanol spectrum there are only 3 peaks, so we know for a fact that there are only 3 groups of protons in the molecules of the sample. We also know that, based on the positions of the peaks, there are no aldehydes or aromatic protons in the sample. We also know that the magnetic environments around the three groups of protons are clean and that the molecules are probably not aggregated. Aggregation gives more structure to a solution, which would change local magnetic environments and cause more peaks to appear, such as having two quartets near 3.5ppm.

==Peak areas==
For each component in a solution, peak areas from integration represent relative numbers of magnetically equivalent protons in that component. For ethanol there are 3 methyl protons and 2 methylene protons, so the peak areas will be 3:2.

NMR software allows for automatic integration and normalization of the peak areas in a spectrum.

Quantitation

==Spectral regions==
Based on spectra from millions of compounds, a proton spectrum can be divided into regions of similar magnet environment, allowing for easy labelling of the protons in a sample.

==Solvent peaks==
Deuterated solvents are used to dissolve samples for solution NMR since the instrument can lock and shim on the deuterium channel. However, no solvent is 100% pure deuterated so residual protons present on the solvent show up in proton NMR spectrum and are used to reference spectra to a standard frequency/ppm.

[[File:solvent_references.png|600px]]

==Splitting==

==Water peak==

==Exchangeable protons==

==Concentration Effects==

==Temperature Effects==

==Examples==

==Other nuclei==

==2D NMR==

==List of topics in this section==

Adding Google Analytics to a Wiki

2022-03-23T00:02:21Z

Milllo:

I tried following the mediawiki instructions for adding google analytics to my wiki but they did not work. After much trial and error, the following procedure was found to work fine:

#Assume that a google analytics account is already set up and functioning for the standard html web page fronting your wiki and that the headscript extension is installed for your wiki software.
#Log into Google Analytics
#On the left side tab menu, lower corner, click the “Admin” button
#In the second column of the Admin menu, Click “Data Streams”
#Click the “>” at the end of the line for your stream
#In the “Tagging Instructions” section of the menu, expand the “Global site tag (gtag.js)” option
#Copy the text in the window and place it in your LocalSettings.php file for your wiki. The text will be similar to below, where G-01NDZHCJMM is a user specific code so yours will be different (In other words, do not use G-01NDZHCJMM)
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-01NDZHCJMM"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [ ];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'G-01NDZHCJMM');
</script>
#<li value="8">Check that the text is showing up on your wiki pages by right clicking a page and select "view page source". The text should be in the <head> section of the web page.</li>
#Wait a few days for data to appear on your analytics page.

VOLUME XVIII. Vitamins and Coenzymes (Parts A, B, and C)

2022-02-23T23:48:38Z

Milllo:

Part C is [https://af.u1lib.org/book/2274098/3fe77d here]. I could not find Part A online. I have a hard copy of Part B and am working on preparing a pdf for it. If you have pdf's of Part A or B then please email them to [mailto:jstewart@apimba.org me]!

"Volume XVIII of Methods in Enzymology appears in three parts. A somewhat arbitrary division of the subject matter had to be made, and we make no apologies for the logic or lack of logic in the way this division was made. Part A covers the vitamin and coenzyme forms of ascorbate, thiamine, lipoate, pantothenate, biotin, and pyridoxine. Part B covers nicotinate, flavins, and pteridines. Part C covers the B12 group, ubiquinone, tocopherol, and vitamins A, K, and D."

VOLUME XII. Nucleic Acids (Parts A and B)

2022-02-23T23:45:24Z

Milllo:

Part B is [https://af.u1lib.org/book/2274056/2dd151 here], I have a hard copy of Part A and am working on preparing a pdf of it. If you have a pdf of Part A then please email it to [mailto:jstewart@apimba.org me]!

"This volume, Part B, deals with the characterization of isolated and resolved DNA and RNA by base content, concentration, and by chemically and enzymatically deduced chain-length measurements. Conformation and molecular weight assignments, by optical, physical, and isotopic exchange techniques, and end-group modification procedures are also presented. A section of this volume concentrates on the specific interaction of nucleic acids: with enzymes involved in modifications through methylation, glycosylation, and aminoacylation of tRNA; with similar nucleic acids capable of hybridization; and in directing replication and transcription. The enzymatic techniques incident to sequential base specificities in amino acid coding and protein synthesis are presented. The conformational limitations of nucleic acids with respect to interactions in biological systems are considered, as well as the specific sequential and conformational requirements for the interaction of nucleic acids with their homologous antibodies."

VOLUME VI. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes (Continued)

2022-02-23T23:43:54Z

Milllo:

Available [https://af.u1lib.org/book/565442/b32edc here], but this copy has damaged pages. I have a hardcover of this one and am working on preparing a complete pdf of it. If you have a good copy of it then please email it to [mailto:jstewart@apimba.org me].
PREPARATION AND ASSAY OF ENZYMES (Continued)
Section I. Enzymes of Nucleic Acid Metabolism. pages 3-207
Section II. Enzymes of Phosphate Metabolism. pages 211-327
Section III. Enzymes of Coenzyme and Vitamin Metabolism. pages 331-387
Section IV. Respiratory Enzymes. pages 391-450.
PREPARATION AND ASSAY OF SUBSTRATES
Section I. Carbohydrates. pages 453-501
Section II. Lipids and Steroids. pages 505-553
Section III. Proteins and Derivatives. pages 557-641
Section IV. Nucleic Acids, Coenzymes and Derivatives. pages 645-815

Changing the wiki sidebar

2022-02-22T22:19:49Z

Milllo:

Go to the following page to make changes to the sidebar for a wiki:
http://www.apimba.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&action=edit

Changing the wiki sidebar

2022-02-22T22:19:30Z

Milllo: Created page with "Go to the following page to make changes to the sidebar for a wiki: http://www.apimba.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&action=edit"

Go to the following page to make changes to the sidebar for a wiki:
http://www.apimba.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&action=edit

Getting started

2022-02-22T22:19:06Z

Milllo:

MediaWiki has been installed.

Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.

== Getting started ==
* [[How to create a page|Create a page]]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Custom_edit_buttons edit buttons]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikitext formatting text]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgFavicon favicon]
* [[Uploading images to the wiki]]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Math/advancedSettings math]
* [[Adding Google Analytics to a Wiki]]
* [[Changing the wiki sidebar]]

[[Category:Wikipedia how-to]]
[[Category:Wikipedia editor help]]
[[Category:Wikipedia text help]]
[[Category:Wikipedia article elements help]]
[[Category:Wikipedia help overviews]]

Adding Google Analytics to a Wiki

2022-02-22T22:15:52Z

Milllo:

I tried following the mediawiki instructions for adding google analytics to my wiki but they did not work. After much trial and error, the following procedure was found to work fine:

#Assume that a google analytics account is already set up and functioning for the standard html web page fronting your wiki and that the headscript extension is installed for your wiki software.
#Log into Google Analytics
#On the left side tab menu, lower corner, click the “Admin” button
#In the second column of the Admin menu, Click “Data Streams”
#Click the “>” at the end of the line for your stream
#In the “Tagging Instructions” section of the menu, expand the “Global site tag (gtag.js)” option
#Copy the text in the window and place it in your LocalSettings.php file for your wiki. The text will be similar to below, where G-01NDZHCJMM is a user specific code so yours will be different (In other words, do not use G-01NDZHCJMM)
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-01NDZHCJMM"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [ ];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'G-01NDZHCJMM');
</script>
#Check that the text is showing up on your wiki pages by right clicking a page and select "view page source". The text should be in the <head> section of the web page.
#Wait a few days for data to appear on your analytics page.

Adding Google Analytics to a Wiki

2022-02-22T22:11:37Z

Milllo: Created page with "Assume that a google analytics account is already set up and functioning for the standard html web page fronting your wiki and that the headscript extension is installed for y..."

Assume that a google analytics account is already set up and functioning for the standard html web page fronting your wiki and that the headscript extension is installed for your wiki software.
#Log into Google Analytics
#On the left side tab menu, lower corner, click the “Admin” button
#In the second column of the Admin menu, Click “Data Streams”
#Click the “>” at the end of the line for your stream
#In the “Tagging Instructions” section of the menu, expand the “Global site tag (gtag.js)” option
#Copy the text in the window and place it in your LocalSettings.php file for your wiki. The text will be similar to below, where G-01NDZHCJMM is a user specific code so yours will be different (In other words, do not use G-01NDZHCJMM)
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-01NDZHCJMM"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [ ];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'G-01NDZHCJMM');
</script>

Getting started

2022-02-22T22:05:10Z

Milllo:

MediaWiki has been installed.

Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.

== Getting started ==
* [[How to create a page|Create a page]]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Custom_edit_buttons edit buttons]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikitext formatting text]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgFavicon favicon]
* [[Uploading images to the wiki]]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Math/advancedSettings math]
* [[Adding Google Analytics to a Wiki]]

[[Category:Wikipedia how-to]]
[[Category:Wikipedia editor help]]
[[Category:Wikipedia text help]]
[[Category:Wikipedia article elements help]]
[[Category:Wikipedia help overviews]]

Biochemistry Library

2022-02-13T10:41:29Z

Milllo:

University libraries in the USA seem to have changed their purpose. Most libraries no longer permit the general public to enter, and even scientists affiliated with the school have a difficult time to access library assets. For example, Purdue University in Indiana, formerly a prestigious scientific institution, permanently closed down their Chemistry Library a few years ago. Purdue has a Black Cultural Center Library, but no Chemistry Library! Researchers thus have to rely on other sources such as the internet to provide the resources needed for them to help to advance human knowledge.

This page will list links to books that are invaluable to biochemists and which can be found on the internet.

There are three types of science books: those that say what is known but in different ways (e.g. textbooks and reviews), those that describe new (at the time) information, and those that give details on how to do something (e.g. protocols or methods). There are millions and millions of science books out there, mainly of the first type, so finding useful reference material is a real chore. Books will thus be listed on this site if they are well-known to be indispensable for a research biochemist.

*[[Methods in Enzymology]] - A must have resource for all life-science researchers. Gives detailed descriptions of early protocols for most fields in biochemistry.
*[https://europepmc.org/ pubmed europe] - American science journals are now pay-to-read, but some are still available at the euro pubmed site.
*[https://af.u1lib.org/book/17421043/9dfa41 Lehninger Biochemistry] - best textbook to brush up on other fields.
*[https://af.booksc.org/journal/1540 Annual Review of Biochemistry] - stay up to date with other fields.
*[[Read of the Month - Biochemistry]] - A good review article published each month that captures current research in a field.

==Some sites for books:==
*[https://www.pdfdrive.com/ pdfdrive]
*[https://epdf.pub/en/ epdf]
*[https://af.u1lib.org/ zlibrary]

VOLUME 63. Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism (Part A: Initial Rate and Inhibitor Methods)

2022-02-01T22:14:13Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/enzyme-kinetics-and-mechanism-part-a-initial-rate-and-inhibitor-methods-e157779714.html here].

"The purpose of this volume is to initiate those who are interested in an advanced treatment of enzyme kinetic theory and practice. Indeed, this area of biochemistry is rich in information and experimental diversity, and it is the only means to examine the most fundamental characteristic of enzymes--catalytic rate enhancement."

"Parts A (Volume 63) and B (Volume 64) are the first of a series of volumes to treat enzyme kinetics and mechanism, and the chapters presented have been written to provide practical as well as theoretical considerations."

VOLUME LVIII. Cell Culture

2022-02-01T22:12:24Z

Milllo:

Available [https://af.u1lib.org/book/464150/e8616b here].

"Many of the problems that have caught the interest and imagination of biochemists are studied best with cultured cells. We offer in this volume, in a format familiar to investigators in biochemistry, the general techniques necessary for working with cells in culture and illustrate such general methods with specific examples from the large variety of cells that have been cultivated."

"The tools and methods for cell culture are presented in Part I. Part II provides a group of specialized techniques that are useful for many of the applications that biochemists and other investigators with their widely different approaches may require. Part III is concerned with specific methods for specific cell types that have been chosen to represent the wide range of cells that may now be prepared."

VOLUME LVII. Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence

2022-02-01T22:11:20Z

Milllo:

Available [https://af.u1lib.org/book/2274320/2a6f1a here].

"Since this is the first time that a Methods volume has been devoted to bio- and chemiluminescence, I have deviated somewhat from the format used in other volumes. An introductory chapter for each different bioluminescent organism has been included for the benefit of those workers who are not familiar with the subject."

"The first section is devoted to firefly luciferase. In the presence of excess luciferin and Mg 2+ the light intensity is proportional to added ATP. The reaction has been used to detect ATP directly or in coupled reactions which either produce or use ATP."

"Bacterial iuciferase has been useful for the determination of NADH and NADPH. It is possible, in a coupled reaction, to determine the appearance or disappearance of these reduced nucleotides with great precision. The other luciferases discussed are unique in their requirements and are useful for various assays."

"The discussion of chemiluminescence is far from complete, but an effort has been made to cover those areas that are related to biologically interesting molecules or processes."

"The final section is devoted to instrumentation. Since the use of luminescent assays is critically dependent on the precision of light measurement, I feel this is a very important section. While most investigators will not build their own instrument, it should be useful to have an evaluation of the available commercial instruments. The section on calibration of phototubes is essential in order to have consistency of measurements among various laboratories."

VOLUME LII. Biomembranes (Part C: Biological Oxidations)

2022-02-01T22:08:51Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/biomembranes-part-c-biological-oxidations-e190041202.html here].

"A great deal of progress has taken place in biological oxidations and bioenergetics since "Oxidation and Phosphorylation" edited by Ronald W. Estabrook and Maynard E. Pullman (Volume X of "Methods in Enzymology") became available in 1967. To update this field five volumes on biomembranes (Volumes LII-LVI, Parts C-G, respectively) have been prepared, three dealing with biological oxidations and two with bioenergetics."

"In this volume, Part C of ''Biomembranes,'" subtitled "'Biological Oxidations: Microsomal, Cytochrome P°450, and Other Hemoprotein Systems," we aim to bring together the new methodology that has accompanied the development of essentially a new field that has great relevance to molecular pharmacology, endocrinology, chemical carcinogenesis, and environmental toxicology."

VOLUME LI. Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Metabolism

2022-02-01T22:07:26Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/purine-and-pyrimidine-nucleotide-metabolism-e158760876.html here].

"Over the last decade there has been a tremendous increase in the basic information concerning the enzymology of purine and pyrimidine metabolism and in the development of new procedures for the study of this field. This volume attempts to cover the enzymes involved in the biosynthetic, the degradative, and the salvage pathways of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. Both the purification methods and the properties of pertinent enzymes are presented. When possible, enzymes from eukaryotic as well as prokaryotic sources are included."

VOLUME XLVI. Affinity Labeling

2022-02-01T22:06:16Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/affinity-labeling-e157760282.html here].

"In view of the rapidly expanding record of successful examples of affinity labeling, a number of guidelines are presented in the first section of this volume, that on General Methodology, which include the critical basis for design as well as a number of synthetic procedures of wide applicability. The specific instances that are analyzed in the subsequent sections represent both the triumphs and shortcomings of the technique of affinity labeling in its various guises."

VOLUME XLIV. Immobilized Enzymes

2022-02-01T22:05:07Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/immobilized-enzymes-e157755627.html here].

"As a result, this volume does differ somewhat from the usual format. Many sections begin with a general methodological review, and are followed by specific examples. In the introductory paper, as a further guide, the background of each section is given."

"The term "immobilized enzymes" has been used following a recommendation made at the 1973 Enzyme Engineering Conference in Henniker, New Hampshire. However, other terms, such as matrix-bound" and "insolubilized," to refer to the same type of preparation and "support," "matrix," and "carrier" are used indiscriminately."

VOLUME XLIII. Antibiotics

2022-02-01T22:03:08Z

Milllo:

Available [https://af.u1lib.org/book/1086781/6e2577 here].

"The aim of this volume is to collate in one source as much information concerning antibiotic enzymology as possible. The work is divided into three sections. The first is concerned with methods used in the study of antibiotics, and covers techniques from culturing the producing organism to various chromatographic methods to sophisticated physical techniques. The second and third sections are devoted to enzymes involved in antibiotic biosynthesis and antibiotic degradation and modification, respectively."

VOLUME XL. Hormone Action (Part E: Nuclear Structure and Function)

2022-01-30T18:33:12Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/part-e-hormone-action-e157752295.html here].

"In this volume, we have attempted to collect a series of methodologies which would allow investigators to assess hormone effects on nuclear structure, DNA replication, mitosis, and gene transcription. Techniques for assessing nucleic acid metabolism per se are conspicuously absent from this volume but are thoroughly covered in other volumes of "Methods in Enzymology." In considering gene function and specific gene restriction in eukaryotes, it seems almost certain that these processes will ultimately be related to the composition and location of chromosomal proteins. For this reason, we have emphasized techniques which can be utilized to study chromatin composition, structure, and function. This volume also contains a collection of general techniques and analytical approaches important to those involved in the study of hormone action but which have not been included in the earlier volumes of this series because they did not fall clearly within the previously defined categories."

VOLUME XXXIX. Hormone Action (Part D: Isolated Cells, Tissues, and Organ Systems)

2022-01-30T18:32:18Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/hormone-action-part-d-e185096815.html here].

"Our aim in compiling this volume was to provide a source of descriptions and critical evaluations of currently useful intact cell systems and general techniques applicable to the study of hormone action on biochemical and biophysical parameters of intact cells. Many of these systems and techniques will be useful for studying the actions of a variety of hormones, neurotransmitters, and pharmacological agents. Others will be suitable primarily for investigators whose interests arc confined to actions of a single hormone or class of hormones."

VOLUME XXXVIII. Hormone Action (Part C: Cyclic Nucleotides)

2022-01-30T18:31:19Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/hormone-action-part-c-cyclic-nucleotides-e161758059.html here].

"This volume contains a broad selection of techniques that should be useful to those interested in studying the cyclic nucleotide content of intact cells and the biosynthesis, degradation, and action of cyclic nucleotides in cell-free systems. Techniques for purifying and assaying a single enzyme or nucleotide will be described in more than one article. This is largely by editorial design, not to compile a complete collection of methods, but to offer the investigator a choice of useful techniques. All of them will be reliable when properly used, but none of them will be, for all laboratories, either easier or more reliable to use than any of the others. In some cases (as, for example, with adenylate cyclase from mammalian sources) lability or lack of extensive purification of an enzyme has contributed to technical problems that differ from tissue to tissue. In other cases (as, for example, with cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase) certain properties of an enzyme will be found to be distinctly different from tissue to tissue or among multiple forms of the enzyme from a single tissue."

VOLUME XXXVII. Hormone Action (Part B: Peptide Hormones)

2022-01-30T18:27:33Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/hormone-action-part-b-e186103240.html here].

"This volume deals with methods for assaying protein hormones and for monitoring their interaction with specific plasma membrane receptors. Descriptions of biologic systems that have been devised to monitor the biochemical effects of protein hormones are presented. In addition, purification and synthesis of peptide hormones are included since the chemical purity of the hormonal effector is of ultimate importance."

VOLUME XXXVI. Hormone Action (Part A: Steroid Hormones)

2022-01-30T18:26:43Z

Milllo:

Available [https://epdf.pub/methods-in-enzymology-vol-36-hormone-action-part-b.html here].

"This volume contains a compilation of techniques, and as such is intended to provide a methodological reference for studies of steroid hormone action. Thyroid hormones are also included in this volume because of their apparent similarities in regard to molecular mechanism of action. Considerations are provided concerning the manner in which hormones circulate in the blood stream and are eventually sequestered in target cells. This leads to description of their interactions with cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors as well as presentation of techniques for purification of the steroid hormone receptor molecules. Methods dealing with the biochemical and biological processes stimulated by steroid hormones are included in addition to methods for assessing hormone metabolism. Although a good deal of work and interest in this field has been at the level of gene transcription and nucleic acid synthesis, such methods have been and will continue to be dealt with in other volumes of this series."

VOLUME XXXV. Lipids (Part B)

2022-01-30T18:25:13Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/lipids-part-b-e157743503.html here].

"This volume covers recent developments in the enzymology of lipids. The enzymes included are in general those that have been purified to homogeneity or that have been purified highly."

VOLUME XXXIV. Affinity Techniques (Enzyme Purification: Part B)

2022-01-30T18:24:19Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/affinity-techniques-enzyme-purification-part-b-e157742495.html here].

"Although our approach and concentration have been oriented toward enzyme purification, affinity methods are presented for such diverse systems as cells, antibodies, and specifically modified proteins. The material on antibody serves mainly as a guide to the enzymologist since methods specific to working with these species of protein have been examined in great detail elsewhere."

VOLUME XXXI. Biomembranes (Part A)

2022-01-30T18:22:23Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/biomembranes-part-a-e190040810.html here].

"Several volumes on biomembranes have been planned. The first two (XXXI and XXXII) deal with techniques in the isolation and characterization of cells, organelles, membranes, and their components. A third volume will be devoted to electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. It will update the very useful "Oxidation and Phosphorylation," Volume X which was edited by R. W. Estabrook and M. E. Pullman. Yet another volume will concentrate on methods for the study of properties of membranes, their architecture and function, including the study of biological transport and membrane receptors."

VOLUME XXX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part F)

2022-01-29T22:42:46Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/nucleic-acids-and-protein-synthesis-part-f-e188086298.html here].

"This volume deals with the various prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems that can carry out protein synthesis and/or intermediary reactions involved in this process. A portion of the volume is devoted to some new and improved methods for examining the roles of initiation, elongation, and termination factors. A fairly extensive section describes the preparation, physical and biological characterization, and the protein compositional analysis of ribosomes and their corresponding subunits; assays for individual reactions catalyzed by these particles are also included. The isolation of several messenger RNA's and the preparation of a number of biological systems capable of de novo synthesis of complete, identifiable proteins in vitro, particularly from eukaryotic cells, are also described."

VOLUME XXIX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part E)

2022-01-29T22:41:29Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/nucleic-acids-and-protein-synthesis-part-e-e157734760.html here].

"The introduction of two additional volumes dealing with nucleic acids and protein synthesis (Volume XXIX, Part E and Volume XXX, Part F) attests to the remarkable progress that continues to be made in these fields of research."

"In this volume detailed descriptions for the isolation, purification, and properties of DNA polymerases from a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are given. In addition, a description of those proteins that may participate in the replication process in an ancillary manner is presented. Techniques with which the activities of DNA polymerases may be assessed under conditions in vivo by virtue of the employment of cells with modified permeability properties are also included. The isolation and characterization of those DNA polymerases from animal cells and viruses capable of transcribing RNA are described in detail."

VOLUME XXVIII. Complex Carbohydrates (Part B)

2022-01-29T22:39:18Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/complex-carbohydrates-part-b-e157730378.html here].

"This volume covers material on complex carbohydrates that has appeared in the literature since the publication in 1966 of Volume VIII on this subject. It has the same subdivisions as Volume VIII plus a section on the purification and properties of carbohydrate-binding proteins."

VOLUME XXVII. Enzyme Structure (Part D)

2022-01-29T22:38:25Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/part-d-enzyme-structure-e157728684.html here].

"This is the second of two volumes of "Enzyme Structure" devoted to physical methods. (Part C, Volume 26 of "Methods in Enzymology," appeared recently.) Although coverage of the various techniques is not exhaustive, it is hoped that the intent of presenting a broad coverage of currently available methods has been reasonably fulfilled."

"These volumes present not only techniques that are currently widely available but some which are only beginning to make an impact and some for which no commercial standard equipment is as yet available. In the latter cases, an attempt has been made to guide the reader in assembling his own equipment from individual components and to help him find the necessary information in the research literature."

"In the coverage of physical techniques, we have departed somewhat in scope from the traditional format of the series. Since, at the termination of an experiment, physical techniques frequently require much more interpretation than do organic ones, we consider that brief sections on the theoretical principles involved are highly desirable as are sections on theoretical and mathematical approaches to data evaluation and on assumptions and, consequently, limitations involved in the applications of the various methods."

"The division of the material between the two parts is arbitrary. Thus, there is a considerable amount of overlap between general categories, and, at times, the descriptions of closely related techniques are found divided between Parts C and D. We do not believe, however, that this should hinder the reader in his use of these volumes for, in every case, each chapter is a completely self-contained unit."

VOLUME XXVI. Enzyme Structure (Part C)

2022-01-29T22:36:36Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/enzyme-structure-part-c-e157728117.html here].

""Enzyme Structure," Parts A and B, the eleventh and twenty-fifth volumes of this series, were concerned mostly with chemical techniques. The section on physical methods in Part A was highly restricted. At present, two supplementary volumes dealing in detail with physical methods have been prepared, this volume and Volume 27, "Enzyme Structure," Part D, which is now in press. It is hoped that these will give a broad coverage of techniques currently available for the study of enzyme conformation and interactions."

"In 1957, physical methods were first covered in Volume 4 of this series. The current volumes update and vastly amplify the original coverage. In these volumes an attempt has been made to present not only techniques which are currently widely available, but some which are only beginning to make an impact and some for which no commercial standard equipment is as yet available. In the latter cases, an attempt has been made to guide the reader in assembling his own equipment from individual components and to help him find the necessary information in the research literature."

"In the coverage of physical techniques, we have departed somewhat in scope from the traditional format of the series. Since, at the termination of an experiment, physical techniques frequently require much more interpretation than do organic techniques, we consider that brief sections on the theoretical principles involved are highly desirable as are sections on theoretical and mathematical approaches to data evaluation and on assumptions and, consequently, limitations involved in the applications of the various methods."

"The division of the material between the two parts is arbitrary. Thus, there will be a considerable amount of overlap between general categories, and, at times, the descriptions of closely related techniques will be found divided between Parts C and D. We do not believe, however, that this will hinder the reader in his use of these volumes for, in every case, each chapter is a completely self-contained unit."

VOLUME XXV. Enzyme Structure (Part B)

2022-01-29T22:33:38Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/enzyme-structure-part-b-e157727571.html here].

""Enzyme Structure," the eleventh volume in this series, first appeared in 1967. Although the objectives sought in its publication have largely been realized, it had been apparent almost from the beginning that to maintain its usefulness a periodic revision and updating of the text would be necessary. The original volume, moreover, contained some notable omissions. In particular, the scope of the section on conformational changes was restricted deliberately in the expectation that ultimately another volume would be published in which physical methods generally would be covered in a more comprehensive fashion."

"This volume should be regarded as the first of three supplements to Volume XI. It is designed to update the first nine sections of Volume XI and for that reason retains the organization of that volume. In addition to a number of new procedures not previously covered, it includes revised and updated versions of most of the articles from Volume XI which experience has shown to be those most frequently referred to in the literature. The last section on methods suitable for the investigation of conformational changes will be substantially enlarged upon in two additional volumes presently in preparation."

VOLUME XXIV. Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation (Part B)

2022-01-29T15:36:17Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/photosynthesis-and-nitrogen-fixation-part-b-e157725226.html here].

"Volume XXIV will cover methodology both chemical and physical, buffers and inhibitors, synthesizing capabilities of the photochemical systems, and a short section devoted to the analytical techniques and isolation of components of nitrogen fixation. Where appropriate, reference is provided to articles published previously in this series."

VOLUME XXIII. Photosynthesis and Nitrogen (Part A)

2022-01-29T15:35:22Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/photosynthesis-and-nitrogen-part-a-e157724876.html here].

"The presentations in this volume consider isolation and culture techniques of algae, bacteria, and diatoms; plant tissue culture; the preparation and properties of mutants; cellular and subcellular preparations from algae, bacteria, and plants; and the purification and properties of components of the photosynthetic systems. Volume XXIV will cover methodology both chemical and physical, buffers and inhibitors, synthesizing capabilities of the photochemical systems, and a short section devoted to the analytical techniques and isolation of components of nitrogen fixation. Where appropriate, reference is provided to articles published previously in this series."

VOLUME XXII. Enzyme Purification and Related Techniques

2022-01-29T15:30:36Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/enzyme-purification-and-related-techniques-e157722671.html here].

"Aside from methods related directly to purification, this volume includes a description of peripheral techniques of value in enzyme preparation. For example, much space has been allowed for the methodology of obtaining cells which must be grown in the laboratory, and emphasis has been placed on the isolation of specialized organelles. Many useful general methods which have been included in previous volumes of this series are listed in the section to which they apply. Such a list is not only particularly useful as a source of direction for isolating specific organelles but also explains why a separate article was not included for the single, most common means of enzyme purification, salting out. The latter was so well recorded in a previous volume that reference to the article should suffice."

Biochemistry

2022-01-28T13:45:10Z

Milllo:

The biochemistry wiki is being developed, but a great site to go to until it is complete is:
[http://www.nmr2.buffalo.edu/nesg.wiki/Main_Page NESG]
This link will probably not last long so get as much as you can from it before it disappears.
If you have a biochemistry site and you are planning to shut it down, contact [mailto:jstewart@apimba.org me] and I will host it!

==Sub-wikis==
#[[Enzymes|Enzymes]]
#[[Biochemistry Library]]

VOLUME XX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part C)

2022-01-28T13:05:47Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/part-c-nucleic-acids-and-protein-synthesis-e157717617.html here].

"Since the publication of the previous two volumes of "Methods in Enzymology" dealing with nucleic acids, this field of research has seen continued and rapid development. In order to maintain a comprehensive coverage of pertinent methodology for workers in the biological sciences, this compilation is extended in the form of two additional volumes: Volume 20, "Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis," Part C, and Volume 21, "Nucleic Acids," Part D. Part C deals with areas of protein synthesis in which nucleic acids play an integral role. Portions of this volume are devoted to the preparation and the chemical and biological properties of tRNA; to the initiation, elongation, and termination of peptide chains in translation; to the structure and function of ribosomes; and to the synthesis of characterizable proteins in vitro. We dedicate this volume to the late Dr. Richard Schweet who pioneered in many of these findings."

VOLUME XIX. Proteolytic Enzymes

2022-01-28T13:04:04Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/proteolytic-enzymes-e157267419.html here].

"The "Proteolytic Enzymes" like other volumes of "Methods in Enzymology" provides information on the purification and mode of assay of enzymes. It is meant to be of value to the graduate student as well as to the more advanced investigator. The authors have been asked to give an up-to-date synopsis of other knowledge relating to physical properties (molecular weight, electrophoretic behavior, optical rotatory dispersion) and chemical structure (amino acid composition and sequences) as well as of some details on the kinetics of the various reactions catalyzed by the enzymes discussed. We, thus, believe that this volume will fill some of the needs of a primary reference work in this area."

VOLUME XVII. Metabolism of Amino Acids and Amines (Parts A and B)

2022-01-28T13:00:34Z

Milllo:

Part A is available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/metabolism-of-amino-acids-and-amines-part-a-e175231834.html here].
Part B is available [https://af.u1lib.org/book/2337278/73da16 here].

"The first section of Volume XVIIA includes an extensive description of various microbiological and genetic techniques that have become major tools in the study of amino acid metabolism in recent years. Since there has been a paucity of manuals giving specific details of these methods, we hope that the articles published here will be of considerable value. The remainder of the material is arranged in sections which are in a roughly alphabetical order: alanine to guanido compounds in XVIIA and the remaining amino acids and amine metabolism sections in XVIIB."

VOLUME XVI. Fast Reactions

2022-01-28T12:10:46Z

Milllo:

Available [https://af.u1lib.org/book/2274080/b4ee15 here].

"The title of this book, "Fast Reactions" might imply to the reader a restricted view of chemical kinetics, invoking images of "instantaneous" processes and select methods for their measurement. Actually, quite the opposite picture is closer to the truth. The developments of modern solution kinetics were thrust at the broad problem of detecting and measuring individual steps in chemical reaction mechanisms. This goal was accomplished by expanding the hitherto restricted kinetic time range to new limits. New methods, capable of time resolution shorter than a millisecond, were therefore introduced. Ultimately, a resolution of the order of 10 -1° to 10 -11 seconds was achieved; at this point, chemical activation begins to yield to processes of a more physical nature, generally accessible to spectroscopic analysis."

"To no one is the problem of making measurements in short times more apparent than to enzymologists. For enzymes are catalysts which carry reactions of exceptional sluggishness into the domain of "fast reactions." This book is therefore aimed at biochemists and chemists engaged in the study of reaction mechanisms, especially those of biological significance. Its use allows the research kineticist to establish a laboratory for studying solution kinetics, where several instruments are available for the investigation of complex reactions throughout the entire chemical time range."

"Each chapter is devoted to a single type of instrument or a closely related group of instruments. The authors, who have successfully built and operated the equipment they describe, are themselves involved in research on chemical kinetics. They have presented complete, self-contained descriptions of the principles and methods of construction of fast reaction instrumentation. The capabilities and limitations (the latter known only too well to the authors) of this equipment have been clearly and frankly stated. The level of treatment should enable the chemist or biochemist, with an elementary knowledge of instrumentation, to plan and construct a fast reaction laboratory, by building appropriate instruments selected from
those presented in this volume."

VOLUME XV. Steroids and Terpenoids

2022-01-28T12:07:06Z

Milllo:

Available [https://www.pdfdrive.com/steroids-and-terpenoids-e175944189.html here].

"This resulting volume, devoted to methodology in the steroid and terpenoid fields, is divided into four main sections that deal, respectively, with special analytical methods, methods of synthesis of labeled substrates, enzyme preparation methods, and steroid-binding protein methods as exemplified by corticosteroid binding globulin (C.B.G.). As in the other volumes of this publication, the aim has been to include details of new procedures or improvements in existing methods that have become available since the last contributions in the area of steroid biochemistry were made to the treatise. Thus, in the analytical section, thin-layer chromatography and a number of applications of gas-liquid chromatography receive particular attention, and, with regard to the latter, methods for the isolation of suitably purified extracts for analysis by the highly sensitive electron-capture technique are emphasized."

VOLUME XIV. Lipids

2022-01-28T10:41:22Z

Milllo:

Available [https://af.u1lib.org/book/2274069/7bfe0a here].

"The field of lipids, like other branches of biochemistry, has expanded rapidly in the last ten years. This volume of "Methods in Enzymology" deals with the preparation of many new enzymes of lipid metabolism and with the analytical techniques now in use in many leading laboratories. Each section is introduced by a list entitled "Previously Published Articles from Methods in Enzymology." When revision was not warranted, earlier articles were not revised or reprinted in this volume. When the volume contains a new or revised method, it may, nevertheless, be useful for the reader to be aware of the older, previously published method. A "Glossary of Enzyme Preparations" can be found preceding the Author Index. It includes preparations of enzymes and enzyme systems described in this volume, plus some entries for enzymes used in assays, where these were considered appropriate. The enzymes are listed in ascending order of their Enzyme Commission number, with a few exceptions which are listed at the end."